Literature review on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: An infrequent entity with effective treatment

Abstract

Introduction: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an uncommon systemic inflammatory disease of autoimmune etiology. It can present neurological, auditory, dermatological, and ophthalmological manifestations, it has a well-established natural clinical course with variations between different states, which constitutes a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice. Development: A search of literature on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease available until July 2023 in the databases PubMed and Scopus was carried out, including MeSH terms "Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease," "Uveitis," "Uveitis-Meningitis Syndrome," "Aseptic meningitis." Conclusions: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is considered an infrequent and multifaceted condition, which constitutes a diagnostic challenge. There is evidence supporting a mechanism of autoimmunity mediated by T-lymphocytes against melanocyte antigens, the triggering factor is still uncertain. The diagnosis of this disease is clinical, associated with complementary image- nologic and laboratory exams, it is necessary to conform better diagnostic criteria to achieve an early diagnosis and treatment, oriented to obtain better clinic results for patients with this disease.